First Database Project - Setting Up & Managing MySQL/MariaDB on Linux, Database Dump, Backup and Restore

The Assignment Tasks:

1. Database Server Installation:
   • Install the MySQL-compatible database server (MariaDB Server) on your Linux machine.
   • Secure your MariaDB installation using the provided script.
2. Database Creation:
   • Create a new database named broadway.
3. User Management & Privileges:
   • Create a new database user named devops with the password 123devops.
   • Grant this devops user all necessary privileges to access databases from any host (%) or a specific remote IP address (if applicable).
4. Table Creation & Data Insertion:
   • Within the broadway database, create a sample table (e.g., movies, artists, shows).
   • Insert several sample data records into your newly created table.
5. External Client Connectivity:
   • Identify the default running port for your MariaDB server (e.g., 3306).
   • Configure your server’s firewall (e.g., UFW) to allow incoming connections on this database port.
   • From a separate “physical host” machine (or your local machine if the server is a VM), use telnet to verify that the database port is reachable.
   • Install a graphical database client (e.g., DBeaver, a popular open-source tool, as “db-reaver” is not a standard client) on your physical host.
   • Establish a connection to your broadway database using the devops user from this client.
   • Confirm you can view the newly created table and the inserted data through the client.
6. Database Backup and Restore:
   • Perform a database dump (backup) of the broadway database, saving it to a file with a unique name.
   • Create a new, empty database (e.g., broadway_restored).
   • Restore the data from your backup file into this new database.
   • Verify that the broadway_restored database now contains your table and data.

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Part 1: Setting up the MySQL/MariaDB Server

1. Install MariaDB Server (as mysql-server alternative)

• Update package lists:

    sudo apt update
  

• Install MariaDB Server:

    sudo apt install mariadb-server
  

  During installation, you might be prompted to set a root password for MariaDB. If not, it will be set in the next security step.

• Check status:

    sudo systemctl status mariadb
  

  (It should be active (running). Press q to exit.)

2. Secure MariaDB Installation

This script enhances security by setting passwords, removing anonymous users, etc.

sudo mysql_secure_installation

• For Enter current password for root:: If you weren’t prompted for a password during install, just press Enter.
• Set root password? [Y/n]: Type Y and set a strong password. Remember this password!
• Follow the prompts, generally answering Y for recommended options (remove anonymous users, disallow remote root login, remove test database, reload privilege tables).

3. Create a database broadway

• Log in to MariaDB shell as root:

    sudo mysql
  

  (This logs you in as the database root user because your Linux user has sudo privileges and is connecting locally.)

• Create the database:

    CREATE DATABASE broadway;
  

  (Don’t forget the semicolon ; at the end of SQL commands).

• Verify creation:

    SHOW DATABASES;
  

  You should see broadway in the list.

4. Create a user devops with password 123devops and Grant all privileges

Important Security Note: Using simple passwords like 123devops and granting ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* (on all databases) is generally highly discouraged in production environments. This is purely for this assignment.

• Create the user and grant privileges (inside the MariaDB shell):

    CREATE USER 'devops'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123devops';
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'devops'@'%';
    FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
  

  • 'devops': The username.
  • '%': This means the user devops can connect from any host (including your “physical host”). If you wanted to restrict it to a specific IP (e.g., your physical host’s IP 192.168.1.100), you’d use 'devops'@'192.168.1.100'. Using % is often necessary for assignments if your “physical host” IP might change or isn’t fixed.
  • '123devops': The password.
  • ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.*: Grants all permissions on all databases (*.*) to this user.
  • FLUSH PRIVILEGES;: Reloads the grant tables to apply the changes immediately.
• Exit the MariaDB shell:

    exit
  

5. Create a table on the database broadway

• Log back in as devops user (this time using the password):

    mysql -u devops -p
  

  Enter 123devops when prompted for the password.

• Switch to the broadway database:

    USE broadway;
  

• Create a sample table (e.g., movies):

    CREATE TABLE movies (
        id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
        title VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
        director VARCHAR(255),
        release_year INT
    );
  

• Verify table creation:

    SHOW TABLES;
    DESCRIBE movies;
  

• Exit the MariaDB shell:

    exit
  

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Part 2: Connecting from your “Physical Host”

Assumption for this part: Your “Linux machine” (where the MariaDB server is installed) is a VM, and your “physical host” is the machine you’re running your terminal from, which is separate from the VM. If your database server is directly on your physical machine, then “physical host” just refers to that same machine.

6. Find the database running port and ensure network reachability

• Find MariaDB’s Port: MariaDB/MySQL’s default port is 3306. You can confirm this by checking its configuration file.

    grep -E "port|bind-address" /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf
  

  You should see port = 3306. You might also see bind-address = 127.0.0.1. If it’s 127.0.0.1, it means MySQL is only listening on the local machine. To allow external connections, you would need to change this to 0.0.0.0 (listen on all interfaces) or your VM’s specific IP address. However, since we granted devops@'%', the server should already be listening on interfaces for remote connections unless it’s explicitly set to localhost only. Let’s assume it’s default for now.

• Firewall on your Linux Machine (VM): You must open port 3306 on your Linux machine’s firewall (UFW) to allow incoming connections.

    sudo ufw allow 3306/tcp
    sudo ufw reload
    sudo ufw status verbose # To verify the new rule
  

• VM Network Configuration (if your database is on a VM): This is crucial for “physical host” connectivity.
  • Option A: Bridged Networking (Recommended for easy access on same LAN) If your VM’s network adapter is set to Bridged, it gets its own IP address on your local network (e.g., 192.168.1.105). You can connect to this IP directly from your physical host. <!– * Option B: NAT with Port Forwarding (If Bridged isn’t an option) If your VM uses NAT, you need to set up port forwarding in your virtualization software (VirtualBox, VMware).
    • Host Port: Pick an unused port on your physical host (e.g., 33060).
    • Guest IP: Your VM’s internal IP (e.g., 10.0.2.15).
    • Guest Port: 3306. Then, your physical host will connect to its own IP on the Host Port you defined. –>
• Find your Linux Machine’s IP Address (VM or Physical): On the Linux machine where MariaDB is running:

    ip a
  

  Look for the inet address of your network interface (e.g., eth0, enp0s3, ens33). This is the DB_SERVER_IP you’ll use for telnet and client connection.

• Do telnet from your Physical Host:
  • First, install telnet on your physical host if it’s not already there.
    • On Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt install telnet
    • On Windows: Enable “Telnet Client” in “Turn Windows features on or off”.
  • Now, from your physical host’s terminal, try to connect to your DB_SERVER_IP on port 3306.

      telnet DB_SERVER_IP 3306
    

    • Success: If you see a blank screen or a garbage character (like ~), it means the connection was established. Press Ctrl + ], then type quit and press Enter.
    • Failure: If it says “Connection refused,” “No route to host,” or hangs, it means the port isn’t reachable. Recheck your VM’s firewall (ufw), MariaDB’s bind-address in 50-server.cnf, and your VM’s network settings (Bridged/NAT + Port Forwarding).

7. Install db-client (assuming DBeaver)

Since db-reaver isn’t a known client, I’m assuming you meant DBeaver, which is a very popular open-source GUI database client.

• Install DBeaver on your Physical Host:
  • If your Physical Host is Linux (e.g., Ubuntu/Debian):
    1. Download the .deb package from the DBeaver website. Choose “Community Edition”.
    2. Install it using dpkg:

       sudo dpkg -i dbeaver-ce_*.deb
       sudo apt install -f # To fix any missing dependencies
       

    3. Search for “DBeaver” in your applications menu to launch it.
  • If your Physical Host is Windows/macOS: Download the appropriate installer from the DBeaver website and follow the installation wizard.

8. Connect to the database using DBeaver (or your chosen client)

• Launch DBeaver.
• Click on Database -> New Database Connection.
• Select MySQL (or MariaDB if it’s an option). Click Next.
• Settings:
  • Host: Enter the DB_SERVER_IP you found earlier (your Linux machine’s IP, or your host’s IP if using NAT port forwarding).
  • Port: 3306 (or the Host Port if you used NAT port forwarding).
  • Database: broadway
  • Username: devops
  • Password: 123devops
• Click Test Connection… to verify. If it works, click Finish.
• You should now see the broadway database and its tables in the DBeaver Navigator.

9. See if you can see the table

• In DBeaver (or your client), navigate through the connection to broadway database.
• Expand the “Tables” node. You should see your movies table listed.
• Right-click on movies table -> “View Data” or “Script Table -> SELECT statement” to see its structure.

10. Insert some data into the table

• In DBeaver, you can often right-click the movies table and choose “New Row” to insert data via a GUI.
• Alternatively, open an SQL editor in DBeaver (SQL Editor -> New SQL Script) and execute:

    INSERT INTO movies (title, director, release_year) VALUES
    ('Inception', 'Christopher Nolan', 2010),
    ('The Matrix', 'Lana Wachowski', 1999),
    ('Pulp Fiction', 'Quentin Tarantino', 1994);
  

• Run a SELECT query to confirm data:

    SELECT * FROM movies;
  

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Part 3: Database Dump and Restore

11. Dump the database with a unique file name

This command should be run from your Linux machine (VM) terminal.

mysqldump -u devops -p broadway > broadway_dump_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql

• mysqldump: The utility to dump MySQL/MariaDB databases.
• -u devops: Connects as the devops user.
• -p: Prompts for the password (123devops).
• broadway: The name of the database to dump.
• >: Redirects the output to a file.
• broadway_dump_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql: Creates a unique filename using the current date and time (e.g., broadway_dump_20250525_143000.sql).

12. Create a new database and restore the dump to the new database

• Create a new database (inside MariaDB shell):

    mysql -u devops -p
  

  (Enter 123devops password)

    CREATE DATABASE broadway_restored;
    SHOW DATABASES;
    exit
  

• Restore the dump to the new database (from your Linux machine’s terminal):

    mysql -u devops -p broadway_restored < broadway_dump_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql
  

  • Replace broadway_dump_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql with the actual filename of your dump (you can use ls to find it).
  • -u devops: Connects as devops.
  • -p: Prompts for the password.
  • broadway_restored: The name of the new database to restore into.
  • <: Redirects the input from the SQL dump file.
• Verify the restore (inside MariaDB shell):

    mysql -u devops -p
  

  (Enter 123devops password)

    USE broadway_restored;
    SHOW TABLES;
    SELECT * FROM movies;
    exit
  

  You should see the movies table and the data you inserted!

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